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How to Choose a Furniture Style

By Katy Hahn


How do you choose a furniture style when there are so many styles to choose? One way is to find a furniture style that you like. One that makes you feel comfortable, reflects your lifestyle and connects to you on an emotional level.

Before you decide which style is right for you, let's look back at the history of interior design. Let's make an emotional connection or at least an interest in a particular style. They say everyone has a story to tell and so does interior design. Interior design began in the stone age when cavemen began to draw pictures on their interior walls, each person telling their own story. Ancient Egypt and Rome had a deep interest in their interiors as well, especially in architectural design.

How did history inspire furniture designs? Back in the early 1400's to the 1700's, furniture styles were influenced by political powers. In fact, it was the dominant countries in Europe that had the biggest effect on the furniture styles of that era. Many of the popular furniture styles were either named after that period, region or monarch of the dominant country.

When Spain and Italy were in power, the furniture style was called Mediterranean (Renaissance) style, each country's style reflecting their own culture. Then, when the power shifted to France, the prominent styles were named after the kings: Louis XIV (Baroque) style, Louis XV (Rococo) style and Louis XVI (Neoclassical) style. When Napoleon took control of France the styles of that era were Directoire and French Empire.

Now, let's shift our focus to English furniture styles. As we said before, usually dominant styles were named after monarchs. We see this in the Queen Anne, William and Mary or English Georgian (after King George) styles. However, during the mid 1700's there was a quiet revolution in design that changed how the furniture styles were named. They now were named after the designer.

During the English Georgian period, one of the most famous cabinetmakers, Thomas Chippendale, began his career. Cabinetmakers were skilled in crafting fine furnishings, what we would call high-end quality. The interesting thing about Chippendale was that he was not an inventor. Instead, he took the best designs from other countries and adapted them into his own style. He was greatly influenced by French Rococo, Chinese and Gothic styles. He is best known for his great chair designs and because of these classic designs his name endures.

In the mid 1700's, there were two brothers, Robert and James Adam that studied architecture in Italy. It was during this time that the Pompeii ruins were discovered. Pompeii was a Roman city buried by a volcanic eruption in 79 AD. This discovery was a major turning point in interior design. Many Greek and Roman artifacts were discovered. These discoveries took place when the Adam brothers were studying architecture, which is also when the French Louis XVI style was in vogue. Suddenly there was a classical revival in interior design, especially in France and England.

In France, the Louis XVI furniture style was known as neo-classical. In England, where the Adam brothers were designing furniture, the style was known as Late Georgian or Classical Revival style. The Adam brothers were architects in England and drew inspiration from the Roman classical revival period. Because the Adam brothers were architects, they not only designed furniture, they also designed entire rooms down to the last detail and used many Roman and Greek elements in their designs. Those furniture styles are rich and elegant in design and are considered timeless.

Other famous English cabinetmakers were George Hepplewhite and Thomas Sheraton. Hepplewhite drew his inspiration from the Louis XVI neo-classical style and from the Adam brother's classical revival style. Hepplewhite took these styles and injected his own ideas. He is best known for shield back chairs, serpentine fronts, straight legs and curved backs. Sheraton's design style was known for elegance and grace. He is known as the "Apostle of The Straight Line" and is best known for his lyre back chairs. Sheraton drew his inspiration from all of the above.

As you can see, the history of furniture design evolved through inspiration, political power and the human desire to make our homes more beautiful, even when they lived in a cave.

So, how do you decide on a furniture style that is right for you? Here are some ideas. Is your lifestyle formal or casual? Do you entertain a little or a lot? How much do you want to invest? Is your room large or small?

All these questions will help you choose the right style. For example, Traditional furniture styles are more formal and therefore would be more appropriate for a formal home and lifestyle or for people who entertain a lot. Traditional furniture also has intricate details like inlaid veneers, exotic and gilded woods so will therefore cost more. On the other hand, if your lifestyle is more relaxed you may prefer a casual style like Country French, English Cottage, Shabby Chic, etc.

Twentieth Century styles are considered modern styles and they emphasize clean lines and modern materials. If you are very organized and prefer uncluttered spaces, this may be for you. Some furniture styles, like Art Deco and Mid-Century are making a comeback and you might consider them also. Contemporary style came towards the end of the twentieth century. It is similar to modern style but it is more comfortable and is generally made of wood instead of metal or plastic. It also has smoother surfaces and uses a minimum of accessories. Scandinavian design furniture is a perfect example of this style.

If you are a traditionalist but also like contemporary styles, you may be interested in transitional style. The furniture pieces have the curved elements of the traditional style with the clean lines of the contemporary style. If you and your significant other like two different styles, you may decide on the eclectic style. This is where you combine two different styles within a room. By choosing a style where everything in the room works together, you are in effect creating harmony. And where there is harmony, there is peace and comfort. It will give a good feeling to the room because everything will work together. I wish you much peace and comfort in your home. May you find a furniture style that is functional, beautiful and an expression of your personality. Happy decorating.:-)

Copyright 2011 Beautiful Interiors For Less, LLC

This article may be reprinted with the following conditions: Must be reprinted in full with no changes, author information in the article must be included and any embedded links must be active.

Katy Hahn is an Interior decorator and design consultant, owner of Beautiful Interiors For Less located in Central Florida, helping clients define their space & style while staying on budget. Katy is available for design consultations and can help you to choose your unique decorating style
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Construction Of Millau Viaduct | Worlds Tallest Vehicular Bridge

There is a lot of reasons for us to visit France, aside from its French bread, bagels and churros. France is the country where the City of Love, Paris, can be found. France is furthermore famous for its Eiffel tower. But do you know that France also serves as a home to the world’s tallest vehicular bridge? Yes, none other than the Millau Viaduct.

Millau Viaduct
 .
The Millau Viaduct (French: le Viaduc de Millau, Occitan: lo Viaducte de Milhau) is a cable-stayed road-bridge that spans the valley of the river Tarn near Millau in southern France. Designed by the French structural engineer Michel Virlogeux and British architect Norman Foster, it is the tallest bridge in the world, with one mast's summit at 343.0 metres (1,125 ft). The viaduct is part of the A75-A71 autoroute axis from Paris to Montpellier. Construction cost was approximately €400 million. It was formally dedicated on 14 December 2004, inaugurated the day after and opened to traffic two days later. The bridge received the 2006 IABSE Outstanding Structure Award.

The Millau Viaduct consists of an eight-span steel roadway supported by seven concrete pylons. The roadway weighs 36,000 tonnes (40,000 short tons) and is 2,460 m (8,070 ft) long, measuring 32 m (105 ft) wide by 4.2 m (14 ft) deep, making it the world's longest cable-stayed deck. The six central spans each measure 342 m (1,122 ft) with the two outer spans measuring 204 m (669 ft). The roadway has a slope of 3% descending from south to north, and curves in a plane section with a 20 km (12 mi) radius to give drivers better visibility.

Construction Of Millau Viaduct

Construction began on 10 October 2001 and was intended to take three years, but weather conditions put work on the bridge behind schedule. The enormous pylons were built first, together with intermediate temporary pylons which were in themselves a massive record-breaking construction project. The pylons range in height from 77 m (253 ft) to 246 m (807 ft), and taper in their longitudinal section from 24.5 m (80 ft) at the base to 11 m (36 ft) at the deck. Each pylon is composed of 16 framework sections, each weighing 2,230 tonnes (2,460 short tons). These sections were assembled on site from pieces of 60 tonnes (66 short tons), 4 m (13 ft) wide and 17 m (56 ft) long, made in factories in Lauterbourg and Fos-sur-Mer by Eiffage. The pylons each support 87 m (285 ft) tall masts.

Construction Timeline

Two weeks after the laying of the first stone on 14 December 2001, the workers started to dig the deep shafts. There were 4 per pylon; 15 m (49 ft) deep and 5 m (16 ft) in diameter, assuring the stability of the pylons. At the bottom of each pylon, a tread of 3–5 m (10–16 ft) in thickness was installed to reinforce the effect of the deep shafts. The 2,000 m3 (2,600 cu yd) of concrete necessary for the treads was poured at the same time.

Millau Viaduct

In March 2002, the pylons emerged from the ground. The speed of construction then rapidly increased. Every three days, each pylon increased in height by 4 m (13 ft). This performance was mainly due to sliding shuttering. Thanks to a system of shoe anchorages and fixed rails in the heart of the pylons, a new layer of concrete could be poured every 20 minutes.

The bridge deck was constructed on land at the ends of the viaduct and rolled lengthwise from one pylon to the next, with eight temporary towers providing additional support. The movement was accomplished by a computer-controlled system of pairs of wedges under the deck; the upper and lower wedges of each pair pointing in opposite directions. These were hydraulically operated, and moved repeatedly in the following sequence: The lower wedge slides under the upper wedge, raising it to the roadway above and then forcing the upper wedge still higher to lift the roadway.

Both wedges move forward together, advancing the roadway a short distance. The lower wedge retracts from under the upper wedge, lowering the roadway and allowing the upper wedge to drop away from the roadway; the lower wedge then moves back all the way to its starting position. There is now a linear distance between the two wedges equal to the distance forward the roadway has just moved. The upper wedge moves backward, placing it further back along the roadway, adjacent to the front tip of the lower wedge and ready to repeat the cycle and advance the roadway by another increment. It worked at 600mm per cycle (roughly 4mins long).

Millau Viaduct

The mast pieces were driven over the new deck lying down horizontally. The pieces were joined to form the one complete mast, still lying horizontally. The mast was then tilted upwards, as one piece, at one time in a tricky operation. In this way each mast was erected on top of the corresponding pylon. The stays connecting the masts and the deck were then installed, and the bridge was tensioned overall and weight tested. After this, the temporary pylons could be removed.

1.      16 October 2001: Work begins
2.      14 December 2001: Laying of the first stone
3.      January 2002: Laying pier foundations
4.      March 2002: Start of work on the pier support C8
5.      June 2002: Support C8 completed, start of work on piers
6.      July 2002: Start of work on the foundations of temporary, height adjustable roadway supports
7.      August 2002: Start of work on pier support C0
8.      September 2002: Assembly of roadway begins
9.      November 2002: First piers complete
10.    25–26 February 2003: Laying of first pieces of roadway
11.    Nov 2003: Completion of the last piers (Piers P2 at 245 m (804 ft) and P3 at 221 m (725 ft
12.    28 May 2004: The pieces of roadway apart, their juncture to be accomplished within two weeks
13.    2nd Quarter of 2004: Installation of the pylons and shrouds
14.    14 December 2004: Official inauguration
15.    16 December 2004: Opening of the viaduct, ahead of schedule
16.    10 January 2005: Initial planned opening date

Costs and Resources

The bridge's construction cost up to €394 million, with a toll plaza 6 km (3.7 mi) north of the viaduct costing an additional €20 million. The builders, Eiffage, financed the construction in return for a concession to collect the tolls for 75 years, until 2080. However, if the concession is very profitable, the French government can assume control of the bridge in 2044.

The project required about 127,000 cubic metres (166,000 cu yd) of concrete, 19,000 tonnes (21,000 short tons) of steel for the reinforced concrete and 5,000 tonnes (5,500 short tons) of pre-stressed steel for the cables and shrouds. The builder claims that the lifetime of the bridge will be at least 120 years.

Read more about the fact of this Millau Viaduct here
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 The mast pieces were driven over the new deck lying down horizontally. The pieces were joined to form the one complete mast, still lying horizontally. The mast was then tilted upwards, as one piece, at one time in a tricky operation. In this way each mast was erected on top of the corresponding pylon. The stays connecting the masts and the deck were then installed, and the bridge was tensioned overall and weight tested. After this, the temporary pylons could be removed.

1.      16 October 2001: Work begins
2.      14 December 2001: Laying of the first stone
3.      January 2002: Laying pier foundations
4.      March 2002: Start of work on the pier support C8
5.      June 2002: Support C8 completed, start of work on piers
6.      July 2002: Start of work on the foundations of temporary, height adjustable roadway supports
7.      August 2002: Start of work on pier support C0
8.      September 2002: Assembly of roadway begins
9.      November 2002: First piers complete
10.    25–26 February 2003: Laying of first pieces of roadway
11.    Nov 2003: Completion of the last piers (Piers P2 at 245 m (804 ft) and P3 at 221 m (725 ft
12.    28 May 2004: The pieces of roadway apart, their juncture to be accomplished within two weeks
13.    2nd Quarter of 2004: Installation of the pylons and shrouds
14.    14 December 2004: Official inauguration
15.    16 December 2004: Opening of the viaduct, ahead of schedule
16.    10 January 2005: Initial planned opening date

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